Right form of verb এর ৫ টি করে উদাহরণসহ ১০০টি নিয়ম! যা মুখস্থ করতে পারলে কোনদিন বই খুলে দেখতে হবে না গ্যারেন্টি।
Right form of verb এর ৫ টি করে উদাহরণসহ ১০০টি নিয়ম! যা মুখস্থ করতে পারলে কোনদিন বই খুলে দেখতে হবে না গ্যারেন্টি।
🔥 Rule-1:Sentence যদি Present Indefinite tense হয় এবং Subject Third Person singular number হয়, তবে verb-এর সঙ্গে s/es যুক্ত হবে।
❐ She (write) a letter.
✔ She writes a letter.
❐ The baby (cry).
✔ The baby cries.
❐ The boy (go) — to school regularly.
✔ The boy goes to school regularly.
❐ The boy does not (go) — to school daily.
✔ The boy does not go to school daily.
❐ The boy generally (go) — to college at 8 a.m.
✔ The boy generally goes to college at 8 a.m.
❐ Try yourself :
❐ Mr. Khan (go) — abroad every month.
❐ His father (come) — home every week.
🔥 Rule-2: Present indefinite tense-এ Subject third person singular number হওয়া সত্ত্বেও can, must, should-এর পরে verb-এর সঙ্গে s/es যোগ হবে না।
❐ The man can (do) — the work.
✔ The man can do the work.
❐ She must (come) — to her office in time.
✔ She must come to her office in time.
❐ The student should (learn) — his lessons regularly.
✔ The student should learn his lessons regularly.
❐ Try yourself :
❐ He can (walk) — five miles at a time.
❐ The girl must not (go) — to college on foot.
🔥 Rule-3: Sentence যদি universal truth (চিরন্তন সত্য), Habitual fact (অভ্যাসগত কর্ম) ইত্যাদি বোঝায় তাহলে sentenceটি Present Indefinite Tense হয়। যেমন,
❐ The earth (move) — round the sun.
✔ The earth moves round the sun.
❐ The sun (rise) — the east.
✔ The sun rises in the east.
❐ The sun (set) — the west.
✔ The sun sets in the west.
❐ Try yourself :
❐ We know that ice (float) — water.
❐ The teacher said that the earth (be) — round.
🔥 Rule-4: কোনো Sentence-এ যদি sometimes, often, always, regularly, daily, everyday, usually, generally, normally, ordinarily, occasionally ইত্যাদি থাকে এবং নিদিষ্ট কোনো সময়ের উল্লেখ না খাকে, তবে Sentenceটি Present Indefinite হবে।
❐ Usually father (walk) in the morning.
✔ Usually father walks in the morning.
❐ He (get) up early in the morning everyday.
✔ He gets up early in the morning everyday.
❐ Anwar sometimes (work) in his flower garden.
✔ Anwar sometimes works in his flower garden.
❐ Sabiha (learn) — her lessons regularly.
✔ Sabiha learns her lessons regularly.
❐ He always (disturb) — the students.
✔ He always disturbs the students.
❐ A good student (learn) — his lessons regularly.
✔ A good student learns his lessons regularly.
❐ Try yourself :
❐ Rahman very often (come) — me.
❐ Does he (read) — the newspaper daily?
🔥 Rule-5: বর্তমানে চলছে এমন কোনো কাজ বোঝালে present Continuous Tense হয়। (এসব ক্ষেত্রে সাধারণত Now, at present, at this moment ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করা হয়)।
❐ Now the students (sing) — the national anthem.
✔ Now the students are singing the national anthem.
❐ The boys (watch) — the television now.
✔ The boys are watching the television now.
❐ They (enjoy) — a song now.
✔ They are enjoying a song now.
❐ Try yourself :
❐ They (watch) — TV at this moment.
❐ The farmer (cultivate) — his land now.
❐ Rule-6: Sentence-এ have/has থাকলে Sentenceটি present perfect Tense হবে। যেমন,
❐ She has (write) — a letter to her mother.
✔ She has written a letter to her mother.
❐ I have (have) — my meal.
✔ I have had my meal.
❐ She had (have) — her letter.
✔ She had had her letter.
❐ Try yourself :
❐ Have you ever (be) — to the zoo?
❐ Colombus has (discover) — America.
🔥 Rule-7: কোনো Sentence-এ যদি already, yet, ever, just, just now, recently, lately, recently, today, this week/year, in the mean time, never, ever ইত্যাদি যুক্ত থাকে, তাহলে Sentenceটি Present perfect tense হবে।
❐ Have you ever (be) to Cox-Bazar?
✔ Have you ever been to Cox-Bazar?
❐ I (receive) the letter just now.
✔ I have received the letter just now.
❐ He (join) there recently.
✔ He has joined there recently.
❐ I (not see) you this week.
✔ I have not seen you this week.
❐ Rabeya (take) — her dinner just now.
✔ Rabeya has taken her dinner just now.
❐ I (see) — him recently.
✔ I have seen him recently.
❐ He already (reach) — home.
✔ He has already reached home.
❐ Try yourself :
❐ Have you ever (be) — to the zoo?
❐ Have you not (receive) — my letter yet?
🔥 Rule- 8: Sentence-এ each, every, everyone, anyone, any, many a, everybody, every thing, anybody, nobody, no one, nothing, anything, something, someone, one of, either, neither ইতাদি থাকলে verb-এর Singular Number হয়। যেমন,
❐ Every mother (love)__ her child.
✔ Every mother loves her child.
❐ One of the students (be)__ very brilliant.
✔ One of the students is/was very brilliant.
❐ Each of the boys (be)__present yesterday.
✔ Each of the boys was present yesterday.
❐ Try yourself :
❐ Many a boy (ruin)__his career through laziness.
❐ Neither of the two boys (be) ….. present today.
🔥 Rule- 9: একই দৈর্ঘ্য পরিমাণ বা স্থান বোঝালে Subject দেখতে Plural হলেও verb-এর Singular Number হয়।
❐ Previously fifty miles (be) — a long way.
✔ Previously fifty miles was a long way.
❐ Twenty miles (be) — not a great distance now a days.
✔ Twenty miles is not a great distance now a days.
❐ Sixty cents (be) — was enough for him.
✔ Sixty cents is/was was enough for him.
❐ Try yourself:
❐ Twenty dollars (be) — not sufficient in time.
❐ Fifty cents (be) — enough at that time.
🔥 Rule-10: Yesterday, ago, long since, long before, last night, last weak, last month, day before yesterday ইত্যাদি অতীত সূচক শব্দ বা Phrase sentence-এ থাকলে Past Indefinite tense অর্থাৎ Verb-এর Past form হয়।
❐ I (draw) a picture yesterday.
✔ 1 drew a picture yesterday.
❐ I (get) the parcel last month.
✔ I got the parcel last month.
❐ You (visit) there long before.
✔ You visited there long before.
❐ The boy (go) — home yesterday.
✔ The boy went home yesterday.
❐ She did not (go) — to college yesterday.
✔ She did not go to college yesterday.
❐ Did he (come) — home yesterday?
✔ Did he come home yesterday?
❐ Try yourself :
❐ The man (go) — London last week.
❐ He (leave) — home last night.
🔥 Rule-11: সাধারণত tomorrow, the after tomorrow, next, in future, in the time to come ইত্যাদি ভবিষ্যৎ নির্দেশক বাক্য word/phrase থাকলে verb-এর future indefinite tense হয়। যেমন:
❐ We (not go) there in future.
✔ We shall not go there in future.
❐ Neela (come) from Dhaka the day after tomorrow.
✔ Neela will come from Dhaka the day after tomorrow.
🔥 Rule-12: Before দ্বারা দুটি Past tense যুক্ত থাকলে before-এর আগের অংশে Past perfect tense-এর পরের অংশ Past Indefinite tense হয়।
❐ We (reach) our school before the bell rang.
✔ We had reached our school before the bell rang.
❐ The patient had died before the doctor (come).
✔ The patient had died before the doctor came.
🔥 Rule-13: After দ্বারা দুটি Past tense যুক্ত থাকলে এর আগের অংশ Past Indefinite tense এবং পরের অংশ Past perfect tense হয়।
❐ They arrived the station after the train (leave).
✔ They arrived the station after the train had left.
❐ The patient (die) after the doctor had come.
✔ The patient died after the doctor had come.
🔥 Rule-14: No sooner had — than, Scarcely had — when, Hardly had — when: প্রথম অংশ Past perfect tense অনুযায়ী হয় অর্থাৎ Verb-এর Past participle form হবে। দ্বিতীয় অংশ Past Indefinite tense অনুযায়ী হয় অর্থাৎ Verb-এর Past form হয়।
❐ No sooner had the bell (ring) than the teacher (enter) the classroom.
✔ No sooner had the bell rung than the teacher entered the classroom.
❐ Scarcely had he (arrive) at the bus stand when the bus (leave).
✔ Scarcely had he arrived at the bus stand when the bus left.
❐ Hardly had the snatcher (take) the chain when he (run) away.
✔ Hardly had the snatcher taken the chain when he ran away.
🔥 Rule-15: সাধারণত Since দ্বারা দুটি Clause যুক্ত থাকলে এবং Since-এর আগের অংশ Present Indefinite/Present perfect tense হলে পরের অংশ Past Indefinite tense হয়। যেমন:
❐ It is many years since he (give) up smoking.
✔ It is many years since he gave up smoking.
❐ Five years have passed since he (leave) the house.
✔ Five years have passed since he left the house.
🔥 Rule-16: আবার Since দ্বারা Clause যুক্ত থাকলে এবং Since-এর আগে Clause বা বাক্যের অংশ Past Indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশ Verb-এর Past perfect tense হয়।
❐ Many years passed since I (meet) him last.
✔ Many years passed since I had met him last.
❐ It was many years since I (visit) there.
✔ It was many years since I had visited there.
🔥 Rule-17: Passive voice-এ সর্বদা Verb-এর Past participle form হয়।
❐ This work was (do) by him.
✔ This work was done by him.
❐ The problem has been (solve) by him.
✔ The problem has been solved by him.
❐ The school was (close) for sine die.
✔ The school was closed for sine die.
🔥 Rule-18: Simple Sentence-এ দুটি Verb থাকলে দ্বিতীয় Verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয় অথবা দ্বিতীয় Verb টির আগে to বসে।
❐ He saw the boy (play) in the field.
✔ He saw the boy playing in the field.
❐ I heard him (speak).
✔ I heard him speaking.
❐ He helps me (make) the house.
✔ He helps me making the house.
❐ Note :দ্বিতীয় Verb টি যদি উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে ব্যবহূত হয়, তবে দ্বিতীয় Verb-এর আগে to বসে।
❐ I went to the library (read) newspaper.
✔ I went to the library to read newspaper.
❐ He repaired the boat (sell) it.
✔ He repaired the boat to sell it.
🔥 Rule-19: Sentenceটি Active Voice হলে can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, need, dare, used to, ought to প্রভৃতি Modal Auxiliary Verb-এর পরে present form হয়। যেমন,
❐ He can (do) it easily.
✔ He can do it easily.
❐ Everybody should (respect) his parents.
✔ Everybody should respect his parents.
❐ It may (rain) today.
✔ It may rain today.
❐ The boy can (work out) — the sum.
✔ The boy can work out the sum.
❐ He could not (eat) — all the mangoes.
✔ He could not eat all the mangoes.
❐ You must (do) — your duty properly.
✔ You must do your duty properly.
❐ Try yourself :
❐ It may (rain) — today.
❐ One should (take) — care of one’s health.
🔥 Rule-20: Sentenceটি Passive Voice হলে can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, need, dare, used to, ought to প্রভৃতি Modal Auxiliary Verb-এর পরে be+ Verb-এর past participle form হয়। যেমন,
❐ The work can (do) — immediately.
✔ The work can be done immediately.
❐ All the mangoes could (eat) —
✔ All the mangoes could be eaten.
❐ Your duty must (perform) — very soon.
✔ Your duty must be performed very soon.
❐ Try yourself :
❐ It can not (deny) —
❐ The English book will (buy) — tomorrow.
🔥 Rule-21: সাধারণত Sentence-যদি ভবিষ্যৎ নির্দেশক শব্দ বা Phrase যেমন Tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in future, next ইত্যাদি থাকলে Future Indefinite tense হবে এবং Verb-এর Present form বসে।
❐ I (go) to Dhaka tomorrow.
✔ I shall go to Dhaka tomorrow.
❐ He (join) there the next day.
✔ He will join there the next day.
🔥 Rule-22: Sentence-এর Subject Singular Number হলে Verb Singular হয় এবং Subject Plural হলে Verb plural Number হয়।
❐ The flowers of the garden (to be) beautiful.
✔ The flowers of the garden are beautiful.
❐ These papers (to be) printed.
✔ These papers are printed.
🔥 Rule-23: মূল Verb-এর আগে to be /having/got থাকলে Verb-এর Past participle form হয়।
❐ I do not mind (have) a cup of coffee.
✔ I do not mind having a cup of coffee.
❐ He went home (have) his salary.
✔ He went home having his salary.
❐ The thief ran away having (see) — the policeman.
✔ The thief ran away having seen the policeman.
❐ The Principal desired the notice to be (hang)—.
✔ The Principal desired the notice to be hung.
❐ The work is to be (do) — immediately.
✔ The work is to be done immediately.
❐ Try yourself :
❐ I got the letter (write) — by him.
❐ Having (do) — his duty he went out.
🔥 Rule-24: সাধারণত It is time, It is high time, wish, fancy ইত্যাদির পরে Subject ও bracket এ মূল Verb থাকলে Verb-এর Past form হয়।
❐ It is time you (finish) a course on English language.
✔ It is time you finished a course on English language.
❐ I wish I (sing).
✔ I wish I sang.
❐ I wish I (win)__ the first prize in the lottery.
✔ I wish I won the first prize in the lottery.
❐ I fancy I (fly)__ among the stars.
✔ I fancy I flew among the stars.
❐ Try yourself :
❐ I wish I (be)__a rich man.
❐ It is time we (earn)__our livelihood.
❐ আবার, It is time, It is high time, এর পর যদি bracket এ মূল Verb থাকে, তবে ওই এর আগে to বসবে এবং ওই অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। যেমন:
❐ It is time (play).
🔥 Rule-25: ব্রাকেটে (be) থাকলে person, number এবং tense অনুযায়ী am/is/are/was/were/been হবে
❐ Allah (be) — everywhere.
✔ Allah is everywhere.
❐ It (be) — twenty years ago.
✔ It was twenty years ago.
❐ One of my friends (be) — a good student.
✔ One of my friends is/was a good student.
❐ Try yourself :
❐ The tickets of the journey (be) — very costly.
❐ The people of this village (be) — very poor ago.
🔥 Rule-26: As if, as though, wish ইত্যাদি থাকলে Subject-এর পরে be verb-এর পরিবর্তে were বসে।
❐ He behaves as if he (be) a leader. Ans : He behaves as if he were a leader. I wish I (be) a millionaire.
✔ I wish I were a millionaire.
❐ He speaks as if he (be)__ the owner of the farm.
✔ He speaks as if he were the owner of the farm.
❐ The man speaks as though he (be)__a leader.
✔ The man speaks as though he were a leader.
❐ The man speaks as if he (be) __ a landlord.
✔ The man speaks as if he were a landlord.
❐ Try yourself:
❐ The man speaks as though he (be) __a rich man.
❐ He speaks as if he (be) __ the President of Bangladesh.
🔥 Rule-27: As if, as though দ্বারা দুটি Clause যুক্ত থাকলে প্রথম Clauseটি Present tense হলে পরবর্তী Clauseটি Past Indefinite হয়। প্রথম Clauseটি Past tense হলে পরের Clauseটি Past perfect tense হয়।
❐ He behaves as if he (buy) the car.
✔ He behaves as if he bought the car.
❐ He spoke as though he (do) a great task.
✔ He spoke as though he had done a great task.
🔥 Rule-28: While যুক্ত Sentence-এ While-এর পরে Verb থাকলে Verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়। আবার
❐ While-এর পরে Subject থাকলে While-এর অংশটি Past continuous tense হয়।
❐ While (take) dinner, he received the phone.
✔ While taking dinner, he received the phone.
❐ While I (play) in the field, I saw him coming.
✔ While I was playing in the field, I saw him coming.
❐ While (walk) — in the garden, a snake bit him.
✔ While walking in the garden, a snake bit him.
❐ While he (walk) — in the garden, a snake bit him.
✔ While he was walking in the garden, a snake bit him.
❐ While it (rain) — , I was going to college.
✔ While it was raining, I was going to college.
❐ Try yourself:
❐ While (sleep) — in his room, he dreamt a nice dream.
❐ My uncle arrived while she (cook) — the dinner.
🔥 Rule-29: Lest দ্বারা দুটি Clause যুক্ত থাকলে Lest-এর পরবর্তী Subject-এর সঙ্গে Auxiliary verb should/might বসে।
❐ Read attentively lest you (fail) in the examination.
✔ Read attentively lest you should fail in the examination.
❐ Walk fast lest you (be) late in your class.
✔ Walk fast lest you might be late in your class.
🔥 Rule-30: Would that দ্বারা Sentence শুরু হলে Subject-এর পরে could বসে এবং মূল Verb-এর Present
❐ form হয়।
❐ Would that I (be) a bird!
✔ Would that I could be a bird!
❐ Would that I (visit) Cox’s Bazar
✔ Would that I could visit Cox’s Bazar!
❐ Would that I (go) — to the moon.
✔ Would that I could go to the moon.
❐ Would that I (be) — a poet like Nazrul.
✔ Would that I could be a poet like Nazrul.
❐ Would that I (enter) — into the class-room.
✔ Would that I could enter into the class-room.
❐ Try yourself :
❐ Would that I (buy) — a latest car.
❐ Would that I (see) — our great Prophet (SM).
🔥 Rule-31: সাধারণত Each, one of, every, either, neither ইত্যাদি দ্বারা কোনো subject-গঠিত হলে সেটি 3rd person singular number হয়; তাই এদের পরের Verbটিও singular number হয়। যেমন,
❐ Each boy (come) here.
✔ Each boy comes here.
❐ One of them (to be) guilty.
✔ One of them is guilty.
❐ Everybody (wish) to be happy.
✔ Everybody wishes to be happy.
🔥 Rule-32: Adjective-এর আগে the বসলে subjectটি Plural হয় এবং তদনুযায়ী Verb বসে।
❐ The virtuous (to be) blessed.
✔ The virtuous are blessed.
❐ The poor (live) from hand to mouth.
✔ The poor live from hand to mouth.
🔥 Rule-33: Titles, Names, phrase of measurement দেখতে Plural হলে Singular verb হয়।
❐ Thirty miles (to be) a long way.
✔ Thirty miles is a long way.
❐ Star wars (to be) an excellent movie.
✔ Star wars is an excellent movie.
❐ Eight hours (to be) a long time to work.
✔ Eight hours is a long time to work.
🔥 Rule-34: কোনো Sentence It দ্বারা শুরু হলে পরবর্তী Verb singular হয়।
❐ It (to be) difficult to do.
✔ It is difficult to do.
❐ It (to be) you .who have done this.
✔ It is you who have done this.
🔥 Rule-35: কোনো Sentence যদি Introductory There’ দ্বারা শুরু হয় এবং তারপর Singular number থাকে, তবে there-এর Singular verb হয়। আর যদি there-এর পরে Plural Number থাকে, তবে Plural verb হয়।
❐ There (to be) a big river beside our village.
✔ There was a big river beside our village.
❐ There (to be) a lot of work left for us.
✔ There were a lot of work left for us.
🔥 Rule-36: Let, had rather, had better, would better, do not, does not, need not, did not, did never ইত্যাদির পরে Verb-এর present form হয়। যেমন,
❐ I would rather die than (beg) .
✔ I would rather die than beg.
❐ Would you let me (go) there?
✔ Would you let me go there?
❐ I let the other boys (use) — my skates.
✔ I let the other boys use my skates.
❐ I had better (go) — home by this time.
✔ I had better go home by this time.
❐ I need not (do) — the work.
✔ I need not do the work.
❐ Try yourself :
❐ He did not (go) — to college yesterday.
❐ He does not (like) — student-politics.
🔥 Rule-37: If যুক্ত Clause-এর প্রথম অংশ Present Indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশ Future Indefinite হয় অর্থাৎ Structureটি হয় অর্থাৎ [If +Present Indefinite +Future Indefinite]—
❐ If you work hard, you (prosper) In life.
✔ If you work hard, you will prosper In life.
❐ If he reads more he (pass) In the examination.
✔ If he reads more, he will pass in the examination.
❐ If you walk slowly, you (miss) — the train.
✔ If you walk slowly, you will miss the train.
❐ If you run in the rain, you (catch) — cold.
✔ If you run in the rain, you will catch cold.
❐ Try yourself :
❐ I will not go out, if it (rain) —
❐ If he (come) — here, I will go there with him.
🔥 Rule-38: If যুক্ত Clause-এর প্রথম অংশ Indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশ Subject-এর পরে Would/could/might বসে এবং Verb-এর Present form হয়। অর্থাৎ, Structureটি হয়—
❐ If + past indefinite + (subject + would/could/might +verb-এর Present form)
❐ If he agreed, I (give) the money.
✔ If he agreed, I would give the money.
❐ If you studied, you (get) a good result.
✔ If you studied, you would get a good result.
🔥 Rule-39: If যুক্ত Clause-এর প্রথম অংশ Past perfect tense হলে পরের অংশ Subject-এর পরে Would have/could have/might have বসে এবং Verb-এর Past participle form হয়।
❐ If you had finished it sincerely, you (get) a profit.
✔ If you had finished it sincerely, you would have got a profit.
❐ If I had possessed vast wealth, I (help) the poor people.
✔ If I had possessed vast wealth, I would have helped the poor people.
❐ If he had met his teacher, he (solve) the problems.
✔ If he had met his teacher, he would have solved the problems.
🔥 Rule-40: To-এর পরে Verb-এর present form হয়। যেমন,
❐ She went to New Market to (buy) — a dress.
✔ She went to New Market to buy a dress.
❐ We have come here to (see) — his ailing mother.
✔ We have come here to see his ailing mother.
❐ The man said to the porter to (carry) — the load.
✔ The man said to the porter to carry the load.
❐ Try yourself :
❐ You need to (go) — there.
❐ We have to (realize) — the importance of English.
🔥 Rule-41: To ব্যতীত Preposition-এর পরের Verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যুক্ত হয়।
❐ He is now engaged in (read).
✔ He is now engaged in reading.
❐ One can gather knowledge by (travel).
✔ One can gather knowledge by traveling.
🔥 Rule-42: Can not help, could not help, look forward to, with a view to, get used to, mind , would you mind, worth, past ইত্যাদির পরে Verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যুক্ত হয়।
❐ He came to Dhaka with a view to (find) a job.
✔ He came to Dhaka with a view to finding a job.
❐ I cannot help (laugh).
✔ I cannot help laughing.
❐ I went there with a view to (read) — there.
✔ I went there with a view to reading there.
❐ I am looking forward to (get) — your reply.
✔ I am looking forward to getting your reply.
❐ I looked forward to (stand) — first in the class.
✔ I looked forward to standing first in the class.
❐ Would you mind (give) — me a pen ?
✔ Would you mind giving me a pen ?
❐ I can not help (do) — the work.
✔ I can not help doing the work.
❐ He could not help (help) — the poor.
✔ He could not help helping the poor.
❐ Try yourself :
❐ They become addicted to (take) — drugs.
❐ We went to Cox’s Bazar with a view to (see) — the sea shore.
❐ She never mind (have) — ice cream.
❐ He could not help (sell) — his land.
🔥 Rule-43: কোন Sentence-এর শুরুতে Subject-এর স্থানে Verb থাকলে Verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়।
❐ (To swim) is a good exercise.
✔ Swimming is a good exercise.
❐ (To speak) is an art.
✔ Speaking is an art.
🔥 Rule-44: By-এর পরে Verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়। যেমন,
❐ He expressed his grief by (say) — that the thief had stolen his watch.
✔ He expressed his grief by saying that the thief had stolen his watch.
❐ Answer the questions by (write) — one point of information.
✔ Answer the questions by writing one point of information.
❐ By (dig) — a deeper hole, Jerry planted a tree.
✔ By digging a deeper hole, Jerry planted a tree.
❐ Try yourself :
❐ No student can pass the examination by (adopt) — unfair means in the examination.
❐ By (be) — conscious of a language one can develop his ‘explicit’ learning.
🔥 Rule-45: lf/Had যুক্ত clauseটি Past Indefinite Tense হলে অপর clause-এর Subject-এর পরে would/could/might বসে এবং Verb-এর Present Form বসে। যেমন,
❐ If he requested me, I (go) __there.
✔ If he requested me, I would go there.
❐ If I were a rich man, I (help)__the poor.
✔ If I were a rich man, I would help the poor.
❐ If I were the President, I (remove)__ the terrorism.
✔ If I were the President, I would remove the terrorism.
❐ Try yourself :
❐ Had I much money, I (establish)__a college.
❐ Had I the wings of a bird, I (fly)__ like a bird.
🔥 Rule-46: Sentence-এ lf/Had যুক্ত clauseটি Past perfect Tense হলে অন্য অংশটিতে Subject-এর পরে অর্থভেদে would have/could have/might have বসে এবং verb-এর past participle হয়।
❐ If he had invited, I (go)__.
✔ If he had invited, I would have gone.
❐ If I had been a rich man, I (help)__the poor.
✔ If I had been a rich man, I would have helped the poor.
❐ Try yourself :
❐ We would have come, if he (invite)__.
❐ If you had stated earlier, you (catch)__the bus.
🔥 Rule-47: If যুক্ত Clause-এর প্রথমটিতে Subject-এর পর were থাকলে দ্বিতীয় অংশে Subject-এর পরে Would/ could/ might বসে এবং Verb-এর Present From বসে। আবার, Would have/could have/would haveও বসতে পারে। সে ক্ষেত্রে Verb-এর Past participle form বসে।
❐ If I were an artist, I (draw) a nice picture.
✔ If I were a child, I would draw a nice picture.
❐ If I were a billionaire, I (establish) a hospital for the poor.
✔ If I were a billionaire, I would establish a hospital for the poor.
❐ Had-এর পরে Subject এবং Verb-এর Past participle থাকলে পরবর্তী Clause-এর Subject-এর পরে Would have/could have/might have + verb-এর Past participle form বসে।
❐ Had I been a teacher, I (talk) the real story to my students.
✔ Had I been a teacher, I would have talked the real story to my students.
🔥 Rule-48: Verb ‘to be’ বিহীন Sentenceকে Negative বা Interrogative করতে হলে tense ও Subject-এর number ও person অনুসারে do, does, did ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
❐ We not (play) Ha-du-du.
✔ We do not play Ha-du-du.
❐ She not (play) football.
✔ She does not play football.
❐ He not (come) home yesterday.
✔ He did not come home yesterday.
🔥 Rule-49: সাধারণত Preposition (on, in of, for, from, by, after at, beyond, upon, against, with, without, before ইত্যাদি) এর পরে verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়। যেমন:
❐ Rina is busy in (do) her home work.
✔ Rina is busy in doing her homework.
❐ Helen is neglected for (speak) foolishly.
✔ Helen is neglected for speaking foolishly.
❐ Keep on (try) hard.
✔ Keep on trying hard.
❐ I don’t believe in (overload) — my stomach.
✔ I don’t believe in overloading my stomach.
❐ I had never thought of (go) — there.
✔ I had never thought of going there.
❐ I could not live without (help) — the poor.
✔ I could not live without helping the poor.
❐ Try yourself :
❐ After (do) — the work I will go out.
❐ The porter came here for (do) — the work.
🔥 Rule-50: Interrogative sentence যদি who, what, why, which, when, where, whose, how ইত্যাদি question word দিয়ে শুরু হয় তাহলে subject-এর আগে tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
❐ Why he (look) so happy?
✔ Why does he look so happy?
❐ When father (come)?
✔ When will father come?
❐ What you (say)?
✔ What do you say?
⛳ Some Most Important Rules On Right Form Of Verbs:
🔥 Rule 1: If + Present Indefinite Tense + Future Indefinite Tense
📝 If he works hard he (shine) in life. ✔ will shine
🔥 Rule 2: If + Past Indefinite Tense + (would/could + verb এর Present Form)
📝 If he came I (go). ✔ would go
🔥 Rule 3: If + Past Perfect Tense + (would have/could have + verb এর Past Participle Form)
📝 If I had seen him I (tell) him the matter. ✔ would have told
🔥 Rule 4: Had + Verb এর Past Participle Form হলে (would have/could have + verb এর Past Participle Form)
📝 Had I been a king I (help) the poor. ✔ would have helped
🔥 Rule 5: If + Subject + were থাকলে would + Verb এর Present Form হয়।
📝 If I were a bird I (fly). ✔ would fly
🔥 Rule 6: Present Indefinite Tense / Present Perfect Tense + Since + Past Indefinite Tense
📝 It is many years since I (come) to Dhaka. ✔ came
🔥 Rule 7: Past Indefinite Tense + Since + Past Perfect Tense
📝 It was long since I (see) her last. ✔ had seen
🔥 Rule 8: Past Perfect Tense + Before + Past Indefinite Tense.
📝 The patient (die) before the doctor came. ✔ had died
🔥 Rule 9: Future Perfect Tense + Before + Present Indefinite Tense
📝 I will have finished my work before you (are coming) ✔ come
🔥 Rule 10: Past Indefinite Tense + After + Past Perfect Tense
📝 The patient died after the doctor (come). ✔ had come
🔥 Rule 11: Future Indefinite Tense + After + Present Perfect Tense
📝 I will go to the cinema after I (finish) my work. ✔ have finished
🔥 Rule 12: Sentence এ always, regularly, sometimes, often, generally, daily, everyday, occasionally, usually, normally থাকলে Present Indefinite Tense হয়।
📝 The farmer regularly (work) in his field. ✔ works
🔥 Rule 13: Sentence এ now, at this moment, at the door, at present থাকলে Present Continuous Tense হয়।
📝 Mother (cooks) now. ✔ is cooking
🔥 Rule 14: Sentence এ have, has, had থাকলে Verb এর Past Participle হয়।
📝 He has (do) the work. ✔ done
🔥 Rule 15: Sentence এ just, just now, already, yet, ever, lately, recently থাকলে Present Perfect Tense হয়।
📝 I (see) him recently. ✔ have seen
🔥 Rule 16: Sentence এ yesterday, ago, long since, last, last night থাকলে Verb এর Past Form হয়।
📝 He (come) home yesterday. ✔ came
🔥 Rule 17: Sentence এ it is high time, it is time, wish, fancy থাকলে Verb এর Past Form হয়।
📝 It is high time he (change) his bad habits. ✔ changed
🔥 Rule 18: Sentence এ can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would প্রভৃতি Auxiliary Verb হিসাবে থাকলে Verb এর Present Form হয়।
📝 He can (play) the game. ✔ play
🔥 Rule 19: Sentence এ every, each, one of থাকলে Verb Singular হয়।
📝 Everybody (love) him. ✔ loves
🔥 Rule 20: Sentence এ Would that থাকলে Subject এর পরে could + verb(present form) হয়।
📝 Would that I (go) to college. ✔ could go
🔥 Rule 21: Sentence এ to be, having থাকলে Verb এর Past Participle হয়।
📝 He ran away having (take) the money. ✔ taken
🔥 Rule 22: Sentence এ as though, as if, wish থাকলে to be এর জায়গায় were বসে।
📝 I wish I (to be) a king. ✔ were
🔥 Rule 23: Sentence এ in order that / so that থাকলে Tense অনুযায়ী may/might/can/could + Verb
❐ এর Present Form বসে।
📝 I want to learn English so that I (get) a good job. ✔ can get
🔥 Rule 24: Sentence এ Auxiliary Verb + used to থাকলে (verb + ing) হয়।
📝 I am used to (do) the work. ✔ doing
🔥 Rule 25: Sentence এ Would rather that থাকলে Verb এর Past Form বসে।
📝 I would rather that you (finish) it early. ✔ finished
🔥 Rule 26: Sentence এ cannot help থাকলে (verb + ing) হয়।
📝 I cannot help (do) the work. ✔ doing
🔥 Rule 27: Sentence এ cannot but থাকলে verb word হয়।
📝 I cannot but (laughing). ✔ laugh
🔥 Rule 28: Sentence এ Would you mind থাকলে (verb + ing) হয়।
📝 Would you mind (open) the door. ✔ opening
🔥 Rule 29: Sentence এ As well as, with, accompanied with, along with, together with থাকলে ১ম Subject অনুযায়ী Verb বসে।
📝 Becon as well as Shakespeare (were) dead. ✔ was
🔥 Rule 30: Sentence এ It is no good / use থাকলে এর পরে (verb + ing) হয়।
📝 It is no use (to read) now. ✔ reading
🔥 Rule 31: Sentence এ Here / There Subject হলে Object অনুযায়ী Verb বসে।
📝 There (be) a pen for you. ✔ is
🔥 Rule 32: Sentence এ Be Verb + likely to থাকলে পরবর্তী Verb টি Present Form হয়।
📝 He is likely to (coming) tomorrow. ✔ come
🔥 Rule 33: Sentence এ Let / Make এর পরে To + Verb হয় না বরং Verb এর Present Form হয়।
📝 Please let me (to finish) the work. ✔ finish
🔥 Rule 34: Sentence এ am to, is to, are to, was to, were to, has to, had to, have to, ought to, used to থাকলে এদের পরে Verb এর Present Form হয়।
📝 I am to (learning) English Language. ✔ learn
🔥 Rule 35: Sentence এ Subject Singular হলে Verb Singular হয় এবং Subject Plural হলে Verb Plural হয়।
📝 The players in the field (be) strong. ✔ are
🔥 Rule 36: Sentence এ have, has, had, get, got প্রভৃতি Verb গুলো যখন Causitive Verb হিসেবে ব্যবহার হয় তখন Verb টির Past Participle হয়।
📝 I had my rice (cook). ✔ cooked
🔥 Rule 37: Sentence এ Lest থাকলে should/might + Verb এর Present Form হয়।
📝 He ran fast lest he (miss) the train. ✔ should miss
🔥 Rule 38: Sentence এ had better, had rather, would better, would rather, let, must, need, dare থাকলে Verb এর Present Form এবং to থাকলে to উঠে যাই।
📝 You had better (to go) home. ✔ go
🔥 Rule 39: Sentence এ next day, next week, next month, next year থাকলে would/could + Verb এর Present Form হয়।
📝 He said that he (go) home the next day. ✔ would go
🔥 Rule 40: Sentence টি If only দ্বারা শুরু হলে Verb এর Past Form হয়।
📝 If only I (know) more villagers! ✔ knew
🔥 Rule 41: Sentence টি Universal truth, Habitual fact বুঝালে Present Indefinite Tense হয়।
📝 The sun (rise) in the East. ✔ rises
🔥 Rule 42: Subject যদি 3rd person Singular number হয় Verb Present Form এর সাথে s/es যোগ করতে হয়।
📝 The boy (play) football. ✔ plays.
🔥 Rule 43: Verb এর পূর্বে mind, worth, without, past, cannot help, could not help, with a view to, look forward to, would you mind, get used to থাকলে Verb এর সাথে ing হয়।
📝 I went to the library with a view to (read) there. ✔ reading
🔥 Rule 44: Be Verb বিহীন Sentence কে Negative বা Interrogative করতে হলে do, does, did বসাতে হয়।
📝 The girl not (sing) a song. ✔ does not
📝 He (came) home yesterday? ✔ Did he come…..?
🔥 Rule 45: Simple Sentence এ দুটি মুল verb থাকলে ব্রাকেটের verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয় অথবা verb টির পূর্বে to যোগ করতে হয়। তবে Verb দ্বারা উদ্দেশ্য বুঝালে To + Verb এর Present Form হয়।
📝 I saw him (go). ✔ going
📝 I boil water (making) tea. ✔ to make
🔥 Rule 46: Present Indefinite Tense + as though / as if + Past Indefinite Tense
📝 He speaks as if he (know) everything. ✔ knew
🔥 Rule 47: Past Indefinite Tense + as though / as if + Past Perfect Tense
📝 He spoke as if he (know) everything. ✔ had knew
🔥 Rule 48: Passive Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে Sentence এ am, is, are, was, were থাকলে Verb এর Past Participle হয়।
📝 The book was (write) by him. ✔ written
🔥 Rule 49: While এর পরে Verb + ing হয়।
📝 While (walk) in the garden snake bit him. ✔ walking
🔥 Rule 50: কোন কাজ পূর্বে শুরু হয়ে এখন ও চলছে বুঝালে Present Perfect Continuous হয়।
📝 He (read) for three hours. ✔ has been reading
🔥 Rule 51: যে Verb দ্বারা মানসিক ও চেতনা মুলক কাজ বুঝাই সে Verb গুলো কখনও ing যুক্ত হয় না তাই কোন কাজ চলছে বুঝাতে Present Continuous Tense না হয়ে Present Indefinite Tense হয়। (think, notice, feel, like, love, hope, will, hate, want, believe, wish)
📝 He (is feeling) better now. ✔ feels
🔥 Rule 52: Modal Auxiliary Verb (can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must) এর পরে সর্বদা Verb এর Base Form বসে। (শুধু used এবং ought এর পরে to + verb বসে)
📝 He should (to come) here. ✔ come
🔥 Rule 53: Singular Noun ‘Either- or / Neither- nor’ দ্বারা যুক্ত হলে Verb Singular হয়।
📝 Neither he nor his sister (are) present today. ✔ is
🔥 Rule 54: Prefer + to + verb / Prefer + gerund + to + gerund (Double Infinitive থাকলে Gerund করতে হয়)
📝 I prefer (staying) here. ✔ to stay
📝 I prefer (to sit) than (to walk) here. ✔ sitting to walking
🔥 Rule 55: Relative Pronoun এর পূর্ববর্তী Antecedent অনুযায়ী Verb বসে।
📝 He is one of my relatives who (is) honest. ✔ are
🔥 Rule 56: Many এর পরে Verb Plural হয় কিন্তু Many a/an এর পরে Verb Singular হয়।
📝 A great many boys (was) there. ✔ were
📝 Many a flower (are) born to blush unseen. ✔ is
🔥 Rule 57: Few, a few, the few, very few এর পরে Plural Verb বসে।
📝 Few people (be) known to me. ✔ are
🔥 Rule 58: Little, a little, the little, very little এর পরে Singular Verb বসে।
📝 A little milk (be) enough. ✔ is
🔥 Rule 59: কোন কাজের নির্দিষ্ট টার্গেট বুঝাতে Future Perfect Tense হয়।
📝 Mukul (will leave) by five o’clock. ✔ will have left
🔥 Rule 60: Object এর পরে to বাদে অন্য Preposition আসলে Verb + ing করতে হয়।
📝 He was punished for (do) nothing. ✔ doing
🔥 Rule 61: নির্দিষ্ট সংখা বাচক Subject এর পরে Verb Singular হয়।
📝 Fifty miles (be) a long way. ✔ is
🔥 Rule 62: নির্দিষ্ট সংখা বাচক Subject না হলে Verb Plural হয়।
📝 Thousands of people (be) present there. ✔ are
⛳ The use of the right form of verbs- (verbs –এর সঠিক ব্যবহার):
❐ ভূমিকা: Verbs –এর সঠিক ব্যবহারের জন্য ৩৭ টি নিয়ম আছে । এই নিয়মগুলো ইংরেজী শিখার জন্য গুরুত্বপূর্ণ্ ভূমিকা পালন করে । যে যত বেশী এই নিয়ম জানবে সে তত বেশী ইংরেজী শিখতে বা বলতে পারবে সহজেই । নিচে নিয়মগুলো বিস্তারিত আলোচনা করা হলো । যেমন:
🔥 Rule-1 : Subject যদি 3rd person ও singular number হয় এবং verb যদি present indefinite tense হয়, তাহলে verb-এর শেষে s বা es যোগ করতে হয় । যেমন:
❐ The boy plays football. ➺ বালকটি বল খেলে ।
❐ She eats rice. ➺ সে ভাত খায় ।
❐ Karim goes to school. ➺ করিম স্কুলে যায় ।
🔥 Rule-2 : Universal truth (চিরন্তন সত্য ) , Habitual fact ( অভ্যাসগত কর্ম ) বুঝালে verb –টি present indefinite tense-এর হয় । যেমন:
❐ The sun rises in the East. ➺ সূর্য পূর্ব দিকে উঠে ।
❐ The earth moves round the sun. ➺ পৃথিবী সূযের্র চারিদিকে ঘুরে ।
❐ Ice melts by heat. ➺ তাপে বরফ গলে ।
🔥 Rule-3 : কোন সময়ের উল্লেখ থাকে না এমন sentence –এ যদি always, regularly, sometimes, often, generally, daily, everyday, occasionally, usually, normally ইত্যাদি থাকে তবে এক্ষেত্রে present indefinite tense- হয় । যেমন:
❐ He always disturbs me. ➺ সে আমাকে সবর্দা বিরক্ত করে ।
❐ A good boy prepares his lessons regularly. ➺ ভালো ছেলে নিয়মিত তার পাঠ প্রস্তুত রাখে ।
❐ He goes to school daily. ➺ সে প্রতিদিন স্কুলে যায় ।
🔥 Rule-4: Be verb বিহীন বাক্যকে Negative বা Interrogative করতে হলে Tense ও Subject অনুসারে do, does , did ব্যবহার করতে হয় । যেমন: ছকের মাধ্যমে বুঝানো হলো :
Sentence without “Be verb”
The girl sings a song. ➺ বালিকাটি গান করে ।
The girl sings a song. ➺ বালিকাটি গান করে ।
He came home yesterday. ➺ সে গতকাল বাড়ী আসিয়াছিল ।
He came home yesterday. ➺ সে গতকাল বাড়ী আসিয়াছিল ।
Negative / Interrogative sentence
Does the girl sing a song? ➺ বালিকাটি কি গান করে?
The girl does not sing a song. ➺ বালিকাটি গান করে না ।
Did he come home yesterday? ➺ সে কি গতকাল বাড়ী আসিয়াছিল ?
He did not come home yesterday. ➺ সে গতকাল বাড়ী আসে নাই ।
🔥 Rule-5 : Interrogative sentence-এ যদি what, when, where, who, which, whose, why, how থাকে তাহলে subject-এর পূর্বে Tense ও person অনুযায়ী “to be verb” যোগ করতে হয় । যেমন:
❐ Why does Mrs. Salma look so angry? ➺ মিসেস সালমা খুব রাগান্বিত কেন ?
❐ What do you want? ➺ তুমি কি চাও ?
❐ Where do you go? ➺ তুমি কোথায় যাও?
❐ Note: উপরোক্ত বাক্যসমূহে Bold mark যুক্ত শব্দসমূহ হলো “to be verb “
🔥 Rule-6 : বতর্মানে কাজ চলছে এমন কোন কাজ বুঝাতে verb-এর present continuous tense হয় । এক্ষেত্রে বতর্মান সময়ের যেমন now, at this moment ইত্যাদি উল্লেখ থাকে । যেমন:
❐ She is singing a song now. ➺ সে এখন গান করিতেছে ।
❐ They are watching TV at this moment. ➺ এই মূহূর্তে তারা টিভি দেখিতেছে ।
❐ Karim is playing football now. ➺ করিম এখন খেলতেছে ।
🔥 Rule-7: কোন sentence-এ যদি auxiliary verb যেমন has, have, had থাকে , তাহলে এর পরে main verb-এর past participle form বসে । যেমন :
❐ He has done the work. ➺ সে কাজটি করিয়াছে ।
❐ We have made him captain. -আমরা তাকে দলনেতা বানালাম ।
❐ The patient had died before the doctor came. ➺ ডাক্তার আসিবার পূরবেই রোগী মারা গেল ।
🔥 Rule-8 : বাক্যে যদি just, just now, already, yet, ever, lately, recently ইত্যাদি থাকে , তাহলে sentence-টি present perfect tense হয় । যেমন:
❐ I have seen him recently. ➺ সম্প্রতি আমি তাকে দেখিয়াছি ।
❐ Have you ever been to Dhaka? -তুমি কি কখনও ঢাকায় গিয়েছো ?
❐ He has gone out just now. ➺ সে এই মাত্র বাহিরে গেল ।
🔥 Rule-9 : অতীত নিদের্শক শব্দ বা phrase যেমন: yesterday, ago, long since, last night ইত্যাদি থাকলে verb-এর past form হয় । অর্থাৎ sentence-টি past indefinite হবে। যেমন:
❐ He left home last night. ➺ গত রাতে সে বাড়ী ছেড়ে চলে গেল ।
❐ Father came home yesterday.—বাবা গতকাল বাসায় এসেছে ।
❐ I saw you long ago. ➺ আমি তাকে অনেক দিন আগে দেখেছিলাম ।
❐ Note: উপরোক্ত বাক্যসমূহে Bold mark যুক্ত শব্দসমূহ হলো “past form verb “
🔥 Rule-10: No sooner had……..than, scarcely had…..when/before, hardly had……when/than ইত্যাদি থাকলে 1st clause-এর verb-টি past participle হবে এবং 2nd clause –এর verb-টি past form হবে ।অথার্ৎ 1st clause-টি হবে past perfect tense এবং 2nd clause-টি হবে past indefinite tense । যেমন:
❐ No sooner had he seen the police than he ran away. ➺ সে পুলিশ দেখা মাত্র সে পলায়ন করিল ।
❐ Scarcely had you gone to market when it began to rain. ➺ তুমি বাজারে যেতে না যেতেই বৃষ্টি শুরু হয়েছিল ।
❐ Scarcely had you gone to market before it began to rain. ➺ তুমি বাজারে যাওয়ার আগেই বৃষ্টি শুরু হয়েছিল ।
❐ Hardly had our principal entered the classroom when/than we stood up. ➺ আমাদের অধ্যক্ষ শ্রেণী কক্ষে প্রবেশ করতে না করতেই আমরা দাড়িয়েছিলাম ।
🔥 Rule-11 : বাক্যে যদি “Since” থাকে তাহলে “Since”-এর আগের clause-টি যদি present indefinite or present perfect tense হয় তাহলে “Since”- এর পরের clause-টি past indefinite tense হবে । যেমন:
❐ It is many years since I came to Dhaka. ➺ আমি অনেকদিন আগে ঢাকা আসিয়াছিলাম ।
❐ Many years have passed since his father died. ➺ অনেক দিন হলো তার বাবা মারা গেছেন ।
❐ It is many years since I met you. ➺ অনেক দিন হলো তার সাথে আমার দেখা হয়েছিল ।
🔥 Rule-12 : বাক্যে যদি “Since” থাকে তাহলে “Since”-এর আগের clause-টি যদি past indefinite tense হয় তাহলে “Since”- এর পরের clause-টি past perfect tense হবে । যেমন:
❐ It was many years since I had met him. ➺ অনেক বছর হলো তার সাথে দেখা করেছিলাম ।
❐ It was long since he had seen me. ➺ অনেক আগে সে আমাকে দেখেছিল ।
❐ It was many years since he had come to our home. ➺ অনেক বছর হলো সে আমাদের বাড়ীতে এসেছিল ।
🔥 Rule-13 : বাক্যে “before”-এর আগের clause-টি past perfect tense হলে পরের clause-টি past indefinite tense হয় । আবার বাক্যে “after”-এর আগের clause-টি past indefinite tense হলে পরের clause-টি past perfect tense হয় । যেমন:
❐ The patient had died before the doctor came. ➺ ডাক্তার আসিবার পূর্বে রোগী মারা গেল ।
❐ The patient died after the doctor had come. -–ডাক্তার আসিবার পর রোগী মারা গেল ।
❐ The students had stood up before the teacher came into classroom. ➺ শিক্ষক শ্রেণী কক্ষে প্রবেশ করার আগেই ছাত্ররা দাড়ায়েছিল ।
🔥 Rule-14: যদি কোন simple sentence- এ দুইটি verb থাকে তাহলে একটি হয় main verb এবং অন্যটি হয় infinitive verb বা to verb হয় । কোন কোন সময় to verb না হয়ে verb-এর সাথে ing যোগ হয় । যেমন:
❐ I saw him going. ➺ আমি তাকে যাইতে দেখিলাম ।
❐ I don’t want to leave this place. ➺ আমি এই জায়গা ত্যাগ করতে চাই না ।
❐ I want to go. ➺ আমি যেতে চাই ।
❐ Note: উপরোক্ত বাক্যসমূহে saw, want এগুলো হলো main verb, আর going (to go), to leave, to go এই গুলো হলো to verb।
❐ Right Form of Verbs Rule-15: had better, had rather, would better, would rather, let, must, need, dare ইত্যাদি পর প্রদত্ত verb এর present form হয় এবং verb-এর পূর্বে to থাকলে উক্ত to উঠে যায় । যেমন:
❐ You had better go home. ➺ তোমার বরং বাড়ী যাওয়াই ভালো ।
❐ I will not let you enter the classroom. ➺ আমি তোমাকে শ্রেণী কক্ষে প্রবেশ করতে দিব না ।
❐ I would rather go to school. ➺ আমার বরং স্কুলেই যাওয়া ভালো ।
🔥 Rule-16: Sentence-এর শুরুতে would that থাকলে subject-এর পরে could বসে এবং প্রদত্ত verb-এর present form হয় । যেমন:
❐ Would that I could go to college. ➺ আমি যদি স্কুলে যেতে পারতাম ।
❐ Would that I could be a king. ➺ আমি যদি রাজা হতে পারতাম ।
❐ Would that I could help the poor. ➺ আমি যদি গরীবদের সাহায্য করতে পারতাম ।
🔥 Rule-17. “to be এবং having –এর পর মূল verb-এর past participle form হয় । যেমন:
❐ He ran away having taken money. ➺ সে টাকা নিয়ে পলায়ন করিল ।
❐ The principal desired the notice to be hung. ➺ অধক্ষ্য মনে করেছিল নোটিসটি টানানো হউক।
❐ This work can be done. ➺ এই কাজটি করা যেতে পারে ।
🔥 Rule-18: যদি Sentence- এ একটি main verb এবং অন্যটি to verb/infinitive verb থাকে, তাহলে to verb/infinitive verb-এর পূর্বে mind, worth, without, past, cannot help, could not help, with a view to, look forward to, would you mind, get used to এবং preposition থাকলে উক্ত verb-সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয় । যেমন:
❐ I went to the library with a view to reading there. ➺ পড়ার জন্য আমি লাইব্রেরীতে গিয়েছিলাম।
❐ I did never thought of going to the cinema. ➺ আমি সিনেমায় যাবো কখনও ভাবিনী ।
❐ Would you mind opening the door? ➺ দরজাটি কি দয়া করে খুলবেন ?
🔥 Rule-19 : বাক্যে It is high time, it is time, wish, fancy ইত্যাদি থাকলে এর পরের verb-টি past form হয় । যেমন:
❐ I fancy I turned pale. ➺ আমার মনে হয় আমি ফ্যাকাশে হয়ে গেছি ।
❐ It is high time he changed his bad habits. ➺ সঠিক সময়ে সে তার বদ অভ্যাস ত্যাগ করেছে ।
❐ I wish I sang a song. ➺ আমি যদি গান গাইতে পারতাম ।
❐ Right Form of Verbs Rule-20: As though, as if, wish ইত্যাদি থাকলে এর পরের subject-টির পরে to be verb হিসেবে “were” বসে । যেমন:
❐ I wish I were a king. ➺ আমি যদি রাজা হতাম ।
❐ He talks as if he were a leader. ➺ সে এমনভাবে কথা বলে যেন সে একজন নেতা ।
❐ The man talks as though he were a teacher. ➺ লোকটি এমনভাবে কথা বলে যেন সে একজন শিক্ষক ।
🔥 Rule-21: As though, as if এর প্রথম অংশ present indefinite tense হলে এর পরের অংশটি past indefinite হয়। আবার প্রথম অংশটি যদি past indefinite tense হয় তাহলে এর পরের অংশটি past perfect tense হয় ।
❐ He speaks as though he knew everything. ➺ সে এমনভাবে কথা বরে যেন সে সবকিছু জানে ।
❐ He talks as if he knew nothing. ➺ সে এমনভাবে বলে যেন সে কিছুই জানে না ।
❐ She prevented as though he had not spoken. ➺ সে এমন ভান করে যেন সে বলে নাই ।
🔥 Rule-22 : Every, each, one of থাকলে verb-এর singular number হয় । যেমন:
❐ One of the boys was absent yesterday. ➺ গতকাল বালকদের মধ্যে একজন অনুপস্থিত ছিল ।
❐ Everybody loves flower. ➺ প্রত্যেকেই ফুল ভালবাসে ।
❐ Each of the girls will get prize. ➺ বালিকাদের প্রত্যেকেই পুরস্কার পাবে ।
🔥 Rule-23 : can, could, may, might, shall should, will, would ইত্যাদি auxiliary verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হলে এর মূল verb-টি present form এর হয় । যেমন :
❐ You may come tomorrow. ➺ তুমি আগামীকাল আসতে পারো ।
❐ He can do the work. ➺ সে কাজটি করতে পারে ।
❐ One should take care of one’s health. ➺ স্বাস্থ্যের প্রতি যত্ন নেওয়া উচিত ।
🔥 Rule-24: বাক্যে যদি next day, next week, next month, next year ইত্যাদি উল্লেখ থাকে এবং 1st clause – টির verb যদি past form-এর হয় সেক্ষেত্রে 2nd clause-টির verb –এর আগে would বা should বসে এবং verb-টি present form-এর হয় । যেমন:
❐ He said that he would go home the next day. ➺ সে বলিল যে সে পরের দিন বাড়ী যাবে ।
❐ Karim said that he should prepare his lesson next week. ➺ করিম বলিল যে পরের সপ্তাহে সে তার পাঠতৈরী করবে ।
❐ I said to him that I would come to Bangladesh next month. ➺ আমি তাকে বলিলাম যে আমি পরের মাসে বাংলাদেশে আসবো ।
🔥 Rule-25: am, is, are, was, were ইত্যাদি to be verb –এর পর passive voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে main verb-টি past participle হয় । যেমন:
❐ The book was read. ➺ বইটি পড়া হয়েছিল ।
❐ The book was stolen. ➺ বইটি চুরি হয়েছিল ।
❐ The sum is done. ➺ অংকটি করা হয়েছে ।
🔥 Rule-26: If + present indefinite tense + Future indefinite tense অথার্ৎ if clause-টি যদি present indefinite tense হয় তাহলে পরের clause-টি অথার্ৎ main / principal clause-টি Future indefinite tense হবে । যেমন:
❐ If he works hard, he will shine in life. ➺ সে যদি কঠোর পরিশ্রম করে তাহলে সে জীবনে উন্নতি করিবে ।
❐ If you run in the rain, you will catch cold. ➺ তুমি যদি বৃষ্টিতে দৌড়াদৌড়ি কর তাহলে তোমার সর্দি লাগবে ।
❐ If it rains, I will not go out. ➺ যদি বৃষ্টি হয় তাহলে আমি বাইরে য়াবো না ।
🔥 Rule-27: If + past indefinite + past conditional (Subject+would /could/might + মূল verb-এর present form ).
অথার্ৎ If clause-টি past indefinite tense হলে principal clause-টির subject-এর পরে would/could/might এবং এর পরে main verb-এর present form বসে। যেমন:
❐ If he came, I would go. ➺ যদি সে আসতো তাহলে আমি যেতাম ।
❐ If I had a typewriter, I would type myself. ➺ যদি আমার টাইপরাইটার থাকতো তাহলে আমি নিজেই টাইপ করতাম ।
❐ I would help him if he wanted. ➺ যদি সে চাইতো তাহলে আমি তাকে সাহায্য করতাম ।
🔥 Rule-28: If + past perfect tense + Perfect conditional ( would have /could have / might have + main verb –এর participle form ).
অথার্ৎ If clause-টি past perfect tense হলে principal clause-এর subject-এর পরে would have /could have / might have বসে এবং main verb-টি past participle হয় । যেমন:
❐ If I had seen him, I might have told him the matter. ➺ আমি যদি তাকে দেখতাম তাহলে বিষয়টি তাকে বলতাম ।
❐ If you had started earlier, you would have caught the bus. ➺ যদি তুমি তাড়াতাড়ি শুরু করতে তাহলে বাসচট ধরতে পারতে ।
❐ I would bought a car if you had told me before. ➺ যদি তুমি আগে বলতে তাহলে আমি একটি গাড়ি কিনতাম ।
🔥 Rule-29: Had + subject + past participle দ্বারা কোন sentence শুরু হলে অপরটি perfect conditional হয় অথার্ৎ subject-এর পর would have / could have / might have বসে এবং এর পরের main verb-টি past participle হয় । যেমন:
❐ Had I been a king , I would have helped the poor. ➺ আমি যদি রাজা হতাম তাহলে গরীবদের সাহায্য করতাম ।
❐ Had I possessed vast property, I would have established a college. ➺ আমি যদি বিশাল সম্পত্তির মালিক হতাম তাহলে একটি কলেজ প্রতিষ্ঠা করতাম ।
❐ Had I been a rich man, I would have helped you. ➺ আমি যদি ধনী হতাম তাহলে তোমাকে সাহায্য করতাম ।
🔥 Rule-30: দুইটি clause –এর মধ্যে যেটিতে If + subject + were থাকে সেটি subordinate clause এবং অপরটি principal clause । এক্ষেত্রে principal clause –এর subject-এর পরে would / could / might বসে এবং এর পরে main verb –টি present form-এর হয় ।
বিঃদ্রঃ – would/could/might এর পরিবর্তে would have/could have/might have বসাতে পারি এবং পরে main verb-এর past participle হবে । যেমন:
❐ If I were a bird, I would fly. ➺ আমি যদি পাখী হতাম তাহলে আমি উড়তাম ।
❐ If I were a bird , I would have flown. ➺ –আমি যদি পাখী হতাম তাহলে আমি উড়তাম ।
❐ If I were a king, I would help the poor. -আমি যদি রাজা হতাম তাহলে আমি গরীবদের সাহায্য করতাম
❐ If I were a king, I would have helped the poor. ➺ আমি যদি রাজা হতাম তাহলে আমি গরীবদের সাহায্য করতাম ।
🔥 Rule-31: কোন কাজ পূর্বে শুরু হয়ে এখনও পযর্ন্ত চলতেছে বুঝালে verb-এর present perfect continuous tense হয় । যেমন:
❐ I have been reading for three hours. ➺ আমি তিন ঘন্টা যাবৎ পড়িতেছি ।
❐ It has been raining since morning. ➺ সকাল থেকে বৃষ্টি হচ্ছে ।
❐ He has been working for two hours. ➺ সে দুই ঘন্টা যাবৎ কাজ করিতেছে ।
🔥 Rule-32: Have, has, had, get, got ইত্যাদি verb গুলো যখন কোন sentence-এর মধ্যে causative verb –এর কাজ করে তখন এদের পরের verb-টি past participle হয় । যেমন:
❐ I got the work done by him. ➺ আমি কাজটি তাকে দিয়ে করায়ে নিয়েছি ।
❐ I had my rice cooked. ➺ আমি ভাত পাকায়ে নিয়েছি ।
❐ I got my cloth washed by someone. ➺ আমি কাউকে দিয়ে আমার কাপড় পরিস্কার করে নিয়েছি ।
🔥 Rule-33: Lest যুক্ত sentence- এ lest-এর পরে যে subject থাকে তার পরে should/might বসে । যেমন:
❐ He ran fast lest he should miss the train. ➺ সে দ্রুত দৌড়ায়েছিল পাছে না ট্রেন না পায় ।
❐ Study hard lest you might get less marks. -কঠোর লেখাপড়া করে পরে না নম্বর কম পাও ।
❐ Call me twice in a day lest you should/might forget me. ➺ আমাকে দিনে দুই বার ফোন দিও পরে না তুমি আমাকে ভূলে যাও ।
🔥 Rule-34: While –এর পরের verb-টির সাথে “ing” যোগ করতে হয় । While –এর পরে যদি subject থাকে তাহলে while-এর অংশটি past continuous tense হয় । যেমন:
❐ While walking in the garden, a snake bit him. ➺ বাগানে হাটা অবস্থায় তাকে সাপে কামড় দিয়েছিল ।
❐ While he was walking in the garden, a snake bit him. ➺ যখন সে বাগানে হাটতেছিল তখন তাকে সাপে কামড় দিয়েছিল ।
🔥 Rule-35: কোন sentence-এর verb তার subject-এর number এবং person অনুযায়ী ব্যবহৃত হয় অথার্ৎ subject singular হলে verb-ও singular হয় এবং subject plural হলে verb-ও plural হয় । যেমন:
❐ The color of his eyes is blue. ➺ তার চোখের রং নীল ।
❐ The players in the field are strong. ➺ মাঠের খেলোয়ারগণ শক্তিশালী ।
🔥 Rule-36: একই দৈর্ঘ্য, পরিমাণ বা স্থান বুঝালে subject দেখতে plural হলেও verb singular হয় । যেমন:
❐ Fifty miles is a long way . ➺ পঞ্চাশ মাইল একটি দীর্ঘ পথ ।
❐ Fifty Kgs. of rice is enough. ➺ পঞ্চাশ কেজি চাউল যথেষ্ট ।
🔥 Rule-37 : কোন sentence যদি there দিয়ে শুরু হয় এবং তার পরে যদি singular number থাকে তাহলে there-এর পরে singular verb বসে । আর plural number থাকলে there-এর পরে plural verb বসে । যেমন:
❐ There is a high school in our village. ➺ আমাদে গ্রামে একটি উচ্চ বিদ্যালয় আছে ।
❐ There are two high schools in our village. -–আমাদে গ্রামে দুইটি উচ্চ বিদ্যালয় আছে ।