বিসিএস পরীক্ষায় ইংরেজি গ্রামার অংশে ২০ নম্বর থাকে। এ ছাড়া অন্যান্য নিয়োগ পরীক্ষায় বেশির ভাগ প্রশ্ন এই অংশ থেকেই হয়ে থাকে। বিগত বছরের প্রশ্ন বিশ্লেষণ করে দেখা যায়, এই ২০টি প্রশ্নের বেশির ভাগই গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কমন টপিক থেকে দেওয়া হয়। এর মধ্যে সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ হলো Sentence Correction। এটি মূলত আলাদা কোনো টপিক নয়; বরং অনেকটাই গ্রামার আইটেমের সমন্বিত টপিক। এর মধ্যে Subject-Verb Agreement, Illogical Comparisons, Parallelism, Dangling/Misplaced Modifiers, Inversions-সহ অন্যান্য বিষয় অন্তর্ভুক্ত। তবে উল্লিখিত বিষয়গুলোতে স্পষ্ট ধারণা থাকলে Sentence Correction যেভাবেই আসুক না কেন, আপনি উত্তর দিতে পারবেন। মনে রাখবেন, বেশির ভাগ প্রশ্ন কিন্তু এগুলো থেকেই আসবে।

▣ Error by omission of nouns

✖ I bought some pens, paper, ink and others.

✔ I bought some pens, ink and other thing.

Note: Others সাধারণতঃ ব্যক্তির ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহৃত হয়, কিন্তু বস্তু বুঝাতে other শব্দটি plural noun এর সাথে ব্যবহৃত হয়। তবে আগে noun এর উল্লেখ থাকলে শুধু other ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে। যেমনÑ I do not like this pen, show me some others.

✖ It is a fine music

✔ It is a piece of fine music.

✖ Could I give you an advice?

✔ Could I give you a piece of advice?

Note: Music, information, news, advice এগুলো uncountable noun এদের plural করা যাবে না এবং এদের সাথে Indefinite article (a/an) ও ব্যবহার করা যাবে না। এদের সাথে আমরা some, any, much, little ব্যবহার করে থাকি। uncountable noun কে countable করতে হলে measure words ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

▣ Noun wrongly used

✖ There is no place in the bench

✔ There is no room in the bench.

✖ He gave false witness.

✔ He gave false evidence.

✖ Quote this poem from heart.

✔ Quote this poem from memory.

✖ Learn this poem by memory.

✔ Learn this poem by heart.

✖ This is a true fact.

✔ This is a fact.

✖ I have a private business with you

✔ I have a private piece of business with you.

✖ We enjoyed the theatre.

✔ We enjoyed the play.

✖ His English knowledge is poor.

✔ His knowledge of English is poor.

▣ Error in the using of pronouns

✖ I feel myself hungry

✔ I feel hungry

✖ It is I who is to blame.

✔ It is I who am to blame.

Note: Relative pronoun অবশ্যই তার antecedent বা পূর্ববর্তী পদের সাথে number gender এবং person এর ক্ষেত্রে সঙ্গতিপূর্ণ হবে।

✖ I am older than him

✔ I am older than he.

Note: Comparative Degree এর ক্ষেত্রে pronoun এর (he, I, you, etc Subject রূপ ব্যবহার করতে হয়; objective রূপ (him, me, them, etc নয়।

✖ He is the best scholar whom I have seen

✔ He is the best scholar that I have seen

Note: Superlative degree- এর পরে সচরাচর Relative that ব্যবহৃত হয়।

✖ This is the man in that I have no confidence.

✔ This is the man in whom I have no confidence.

Note: Preposition এর পরে Relative that বসে না। তবে Preposition শেষে ব্যবহার করলে এক্ষেত্রে that এর ব্যবহার সম্ভব।

▣ Pronouns wrongly inserted

✖ I feel myself feverish

✔ I feel feverish.

✖ I have much work in my hand.

✔ I have much work in hand.

✖ Your letter is to my hand

✔ Your letter is to hand.

✖ It’s time you got yourself married.

✔ It’s time you got married.

✖ He tried his heart and soul.

✔ He tried heart and soul.

✖ He is out of his danger.

✔ He is out of danger.

✖ Pronouns wrongly omitted

✖ He absented from the meeting. (34th BCS)

✔ He absented himself from the meeting.

✖ He prides on his success.

✔ He prides himself on his success.

Note: Avail, absent, pride যখন verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয় এবং এখন এদের পর preposition যথাক্রমে of, from ও on বসে এবং এদের পূর্বে pronoun অনুসারে Reflexive pronoun বসে।

✖ I am fond of vegetable

✔ I am fond of vegetables

✖ He will go to the picture to see Hamlet.

✔ He will go to the pictures to see Hamlet.

Note: প্রেক্ষাগৃহ বুঝাতে pictures ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

✖ His circumstance is not good.

✔ His circumstances are not good.

Note: Condition বা অবস্থা বুঝাতে circumstances এবং Plural circumstances এবং এর পরে plural verb ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

✖ He is out of spirit.

✔ He is out of spirits.

Note: Mood বা মনের অবস্থা বুঝাতে Sprit এবং plural ‘spirits’ হবে।

✖ The manner of the boy are not satisfactory

✔ The manner of the boy is not satisfactory

✖ He has gone out of door.

✔ He has gone out of doors.

Note: ‘Out of doors’ phrase টির অর্থ ঘরের বাইরে

✖ He has obtained full mark.

✔ He has obtained full marks.

Note: নম্বর বুঝাতে Mark এবং plural marks ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

✖ Three fourth of the work is done.

✔ Three-fourths of the work is done.

✖ Three-fourths of the sums is done.

✔ Three-fourths of the sums are done.

Note: ভগ্নাংশ সমূহ তাদের পরিমাণের উপর নির্ভর করে singular (e.g. one-thirD. বা plural (e.g. two-thirds) হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

✖ Two-thirds of the book are rubbish.

✔ Two-thirds of the book is rubbish.

Note: কোন plural noun যদি সুনির্দিষ্ট পরিমাপের একক সমষ্টি বোঝায় তবে verb এর singular number ব্যবহৃত হয়।

▣ Plural for singular

✖ Mathematics are my favourtie subject.

✔ Mathematics is my favourite subject.

✖ He gave me his advices.

✔ He gave me his advice.

✖ He took some foods for his parents.

✔ He took some food for his parents.

✖ They have different kinds of furnitures for sale.

✔ They have different kinds of furniture for sale.

Note: Advice, equipment, food, furniture ইত্যাদি uncountable noun এবং এদের plural হয় না।

✖ I saw a thirteen-years old boy swimming in the river.

✔ I saw a thirteen-year old boy swimming in the river.

✖ We saw a few peoples in the garden.

✔ We saw a few people in the garden.

Note: People- কে তখন peoples করা ভুল। কিন্তু জাতি অর্থে people এর বহুবচন peoples (জাতিসমূহ) ব্যবহার করা সম্ভব।

✖ The house was built of bricks.

✔ The house was built of brick.

✖ He gave me many good advice.

✔ He gave me much good advice.

Note: সংখ্যা বাচক word এর many এবং পরিমাণ বাচকে much হবে

✖ The scenery of Cox’s Bazar are charming.

✔ The scenery of Cox’s Bazar is charming.

Note: Scenery এর plural হয় না কারণ এটি uncountable noun.

▣ Wrong uses of case

✖ Everybody except he was present.

✔ Everybody except him was present.

Note: Except এবং for হলে preposition, Preposition এর পরে pronoun এর objective case (me, him, her, us, them) বসে

✖ I have no regard for she.

✔ I have no regard for her.

Note: Gerund- এর আগে pronoun এর possessive (his, my, her, our, their, your) রূপ ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

✖ Let you and I go there.

✔ Let you and me go there.

✖ There are some men whom I believe are born leaders.

✔ There are some men who, I believe are born leaders.

Note: Subordinate clause এর অবশ্যই নিজস্ব subject থাকবে। এর মধ্যে যদি parenthetical expressions, (যেমন I think, I believe, etC. বসানো হয়, তবে who কে whom এর পরিবর্তিত করা যাবে না।

✖ There is no likelihood of that’s coming to pass.

✔ There is no likelihood of that coming to pass.

Note: Demonstrative pronoun (this, that these, those etc এর কোন possessive (that’s) হয় না।

✖ I insist on Saiful’s and your reading this useful book.

✔ I insist on Saiful and your reading this useful book.

Note: gerund এর আগে যদি একসাথে একটি noun এবং আরেকটি personal pronoun থাকে তাহলে তাদের possessive হয় না।

✖ This is my pen, where is your’s?

✔ This is my pen, where is yours?

Note: Pronoun এর s যোগ করে possessive করা হয় apostrophe এর প্রয়োজন হয় না।

▣ Comparison of Adjective

✖ He is more senior to you.

✔ He is senior to you.

✖ It is the most perfect picture.

✔ It is a perfect picture.

Note: Unique, ideal, perfect complete, universal, entire, full, extreme, chief, square, round ইত্যাদি শব্দগুলোর comparative ও superlative হয় না। কারণ দিক থেকে এগুলো স্বভাবতই superlative. এরূপ আরো উদাহরণÑ It is a unique example. This is an ideal place for holiday, He showed extreme patience.

✖ He is comparatively better today

✔ He is comparatively well today

✖ I have a strong headache

✔ I have a bad headache

✖ This is the most unique case

✔ This is a unique case

Note: As, such এবং the same এর পরে as বসে। Incorrect : Salim is as brave like a lion. Correct : Salim is as brave as a lion.

✖ Incorrect : Such men who are idle can not prosper in life. Correct : Such men as are idle can not prosper in life.

✖ Incorrect : This is the same thing, which has been happening for a long time. Correct : This is the same thing as has been happening for a long time.

▣ Wrong use of verbs

✖ He can talk English well.

✔ He can speak English well.

✖ They told me a fool.

✔ They called me a fool.

Note: কাউকে কোন নামে ডাকা বুঝালে call ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

✖ He tells the truth.

✔ He speaks the truth.

Note: সত্য বলা বুঝাতে speak ব্যবহৃত হয়।

✖ He said a lie.

✔ He told a lie.

Note: মিথ্যা বলার ক্ষেত্রেও tell ব্যবহৃত হয়।

✖ Open the knot

✔ Untie the knot.

✖ He said a story to us.

✔ He told a story to us.

Note: গল্প বলা বুঝালে indirect object না থাকলে tell ব্যবহৃত হবে

✖ Have you told your prayers?

✔ Have you said your prayers?

Note: প্রার্থনা বুঝাতে say ব্যবহৃত হয়

✖ The doctor saw my pulse.

✔ The doctor felt my pulse.

✖ He saw a bad dream.

✔ He dreamt a bad dream.

✖ See my things while I am away.

✔ Watch my things while I am away.

✖ He denied to help me.

✔ He refused to help me.

Note: Deny অর্থ সত্য অস্বীকার করা; refuse অর্থ প্রত্যাখ্যান করা।

✖ Cut the line

✔ Pen through the line.

✖ He gave two goals.

✔ He scored two goals.

✖ He did many mistakes

✔ He made many mistakes.

✖ He robbed my pen

✔ He stole my pen, or He robbed me of my pen.

Note: ব্যক্তিকে rob; বস্তুকে steal.

▣ Adverbs

✖ They are united together.

✔ They are united.

✖ He came here on last Friday.

✔ He came here last Friday.

✖ He came here Friday last.

✔ He came here on Friday last.

✖ He is a highly placed official.

✔ He is a high placed official.

✖ I did the work as good as possible.

✔ I did the work as well as possible.

Note: দিনের আগে যদি last বা next থাকে preposition বসবে না। কিন্তু দিনের শেষে যদি last বা next থাকে এবং preposition থাকে তাহলে ঐ দিনের সাথে preposition বসবে।

✖ I regarded him a rogue.

✔ I regarded him as a rogue.

✖ I consider him as a honest man.

✔ I consider him an honest man.

Note: Regard এরপর as বসবে কিন্তু consider এর পর as বসবে না

✖ I do not know to swim.

✔ I do not know how to swim.

Note: Know এর পরে শুধু to infinitive নয় how to infinitive ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

✖ We made him as captain.

✔ We made him captain.

Note: Appoint, make, select, conider, call, name, nominate, elect ইত্যাদির পরে as ব্যবহৃত হয় না।

✖ They were too glad to see us.

✔ They were very glad to see us.

✖ He is very weak to walk.

✔ He is too weak to walk.

Note: Too+ adjective + Infinitive না বোধক অর্থ প্রকাশ করে।

✖ This book is very better.

✔ This book is much better.

Note: Comparative পূর্বে very নয় much বসাতে হয়।

✖ He passed the examination before three years.

✔ He passed the examination three years ago.

✖ We will return after a few minutes.

✔ We will return in a few minutes.

Note: ভবিষ্যৎ কাল lapse of time (সময় অতিক্রান্ত) বুঝালে in ব্যবহৃত হয়, after বসে না।

✖ I prefer flying to travelling by train.

Note: prefer এর পর দুটি verb থাকলে gerund এবং than এর পরিবর্তে to বসবে।

✖ Narrate the story in short.

✔ Narrate the story in brief.

Note: যদি sentence এর subject one হয়, তবে sentence এর পরবর্তী অংশে তদস্থলে one বা one’s হবে। he বা his হবে না।

✖ One should be careful about his duty.

✔ One should be careful about one’s duty.

▣ Prepositions wrongly used

✖ The match starts from 4 p.m.

✔ The match starts at 4 p.m.

✖ He sat under the shade of a tree.

✔ He sat in the shade of a tree.

✖ I told him this in his face.

✔ I told him this to his face.

✖ This is the only remedy of cold.

✔ This is the only remedy for cold.

▣ Omission of preposition

✖ Compare your book to mine.

✔ Compare your book with mine.

✖ Your conduct admits no excuse.

✔ Your conduct admits of no excuse.

✖ They dispensed his services.

✔ They dispensed with his services.

✖ He has referred me in his letter.

✔ He has referred to me in his letter.

✖ Open page 30

✔ Open at page 30

✖ He competed the prize.

✔ He competed for the prize.

✖ You competed the race.

✔ You competed in the race.

✖ He does not dispose his land.

✔ He does not dispose of his land.

✖ Arithmetic is a study I am not interested.

✔ Arithmetic is a study I am not interested in.

✖ What is the time in your watch?

✔ What is the time by your watch?

▣ Wrong insertion of prepositions

✖ He has ordered for a cup of tea.

✔ He has ordered a cup of tea.

✖ He reached to Chittagong in time.

✔ He reached Chittagong in time.

✖ He contemplates on going to England.

✔ He contemplates going to England.

✖ The boy resembles to his father.

✔ The boy resembles his father.

✖ He violated against the rule

✔ He violated the rule

✖ He resigned from the post.

✔ He resigned the post.

✖ The police is investigating into the matter.

✔ The police is investigating the matter.

✖ This book will not answer to my purpose.

✔ This book will not answer/serve my purpose.

✖ He announced about the results.

✔ He announced the results.

✖ They attacked on the enemy.

✔ They attacked the enemy.

✖ It does not concern with us.

✔ It does not concern us.

✖ You must not confuse between the two issues.

✔ You must not confuse the two issues.

✖ He described about the accident.

✔ He described the accident.

✖ They treated with us badly.

✔ They treated us badly.

▣ Conjunctions

✖ Unless you do not work hard, you succeed.

✔ Unless you work hard, you cannot succeed.

✖ I do not doubt whether it will rain.

✔ I do not doubt that it will rain.

✖ Wait until I do not return.

✔ Wait until I return.

✖ Unless you do not work, you will fail.

✔ Unless you work, you will fail.

✖ He worked hard because he might pass.

✔ He worked hard so that he might pass.

✖ He can not play football like I can.

✔ He cannot play football as I can.

✖ Be careful lest you do not touch the electric wire.

✔ Be careful lest you should touch the electric wire.

Note: Lest শব্দটি অর্থ “এই ভয়ে যে”। ইহা negative অর্থ বহন করে বিধায় ইহা দ্বারা যে, clause শুরু হয় তাকে no বা not বসে না এবং principal verb এর পূর্বে should বা might বসে।

✖ No sooner had he heard of his good fortune when he fell ill and died.

✔ No sooner had he heard of his good fortune than he fell ill and died.

✖ Scarcely he had reached the hill-top before the tiger seized him.

✔ Scarcely he had reached the hill top when the tiger seized him.

Note: উল্লেখিত ক্ষেত্রে বাক্যের গঠন হলো। No sooner had ... than, Scarcely had... when, Hardly had... when. When ও than এর পূর্বে past perfect এবং When ও than এর পরে past Indefinite tense ব্যবহৃত হয়।

▣ Articles

✖ Whole village mourned the loss of the teacher.

✔ The whole village mourned the loss of the teacher.

Note: The whole village বলতে বুঝায় গ্রামে প্রত্যেকে।

✖ The whole village was washed away by the flood.

✔ Whole village was washed away by the flood.

Note: Whole অর্থ entire (সমগ্র)

✖ He is in temper

✔ He is in a temper

✖ He waited for us all week.

✔ He waited for us all the week.

✖ He went there by a boat.

✔ He went there by boat.

✖ He went there in boat.

✔ He went there in a boat.

Note: By boat, by car, by train, by bus, by plane কিন্তু on a train, on a bus, on plane, on ship, on horse etc. আবার Taxi/Car এর ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহার করা হয়। যেমনÑ in a taxi, in a car

✖ Last night they went to cinema.

✔ Last night they went to the cinema.

✖ Do you often go to circus?

✔ Do you often go to the circus?

Note: Cinema, circus, theatre প্রভৃতির আগে the বসে।

✖ He goes to the school everyday.

✔ He goes to school everyday.

✖ They go to the church every Sunday.

✔ They go to church every Sunday.

Note: School, church, mosque, hospital, college ইত্যাদিতে গমন বুঝালে তার আগে the বসে না।

✖ Can he play piano?

✔ Can he play the piano?

Note: Musical instrument, এর আগে the বসে।

✖ The rice is our staple food.

✔ Rice is our staple food.

✖ Rice of Dinajpur is famous.

✔ The rice of Dinajpur is famous.

Note: Material noun এর আগে the বসে না কিন্তু যখন material noun particularise করা হয় তখন তার আগে the বসে।

✖ I have headache.

✔ I have a headache.

▣ Sequence of tense

✖ The man did not punish him because he is a kind man.

✔ The man did not punish him because he was a kind man.

▣ Note: Principal clause এর verb যদি past হয় তাহলে subordinate clause এর past রূপ হবে।

✖ They asked me what I have done.

✔ They asked me what I had done.

✖ He orders me about as if I am his servant.

✔ He orders me about as if I were his servant.

Note: As if /as though এর পরে suppositional (আনুমানিক) past tense ব্যবহৃত হয় (eg. I were, he were, he did, etC.

✖ I wish I can fly.

✔ I wish I could fly.

▣ Infinitives

✖ They made me to sign the document.

✔ They made me sign the document.

✖ I bade the boy to leave the room.

✔ I bade the boy leave the room.

✖ I let him to go.

✔ I let him go.

✖ I have never heard Ruby to sing.

✔ I have never heard Ruby sing.

Note: Active voice এ make, feel, hear, see let, bid, need, behold, watch, dare ইত্যাদি verb এর পরে infinitive এর চিহ্ন to উহ্য থাকে।

✖ The man was made confess his guild.

✔ The man was made to confess his guild.

✖ He was seen leave the room

✔ He was seen to leave the room

▣ Infinitive for gerund

✖ He insists to go there.

✔ He insists on going there.

✖ He despaired to pass the examination.

✔ He despaired of passing the examination.

✖ He prevented me to see the principal.

✔ He prevented me from seeing the principal.

Note: Insist, despair, prevent, hinder, prohibit প্রভৃতি verb এর পর যথাক্রমে preposition on, of, from, বসে এবং এর পরবর্তী verb ব্যবহৃত হয়।

✖ I could not help to laugh.

✔ I could not help laughing.

Note: Can’t help এবং Can’t bear- এর পর gerund (verb+ing) ব্যবহৃত হয়।

✖ Sportsmen risk to break their limbs.

✔ Sportsmen risk breaking their limbs.

✖ Has he finished eat?

✔ Has he finished eating?

✖ Would you mind to shut the door?

✔ Would you mind shutting the door?

Note: Admit, Appreciate, tolerate, avoide, consider, mind, miss, complete, finish, risk, delay, deny, prevent, remember, practice, forgive, keep miss, recollect, suggest, understand প্রভৃতি verb এর পর gerund (verb+ing) ব্যবহৃত হয়

✖ I have avoided talk to him.

✔ I have avoided talking to him.

✖ Please stop to write.

✔ Please stop writting.

Note: Some common verbs (agree, need, attempt, offer, plan, decide, prepare, demand, pretend, expect, romise, refuse, want, wish, happen, hope, intend, learn, manager, mean, hesitate) followed by an infinitive.

✖ Birds have to learn using their wings.

✔ Birds have to learn to use their wings.

✖ I hesitate saying what I mean.

✔ I hesitate to say what I mean.

▣ Wrong uses of the voices

✖ The team is comprised of twelve players.

✔ The team comprise twelve players.

✖ We wonder what will be happened.

✔ We wonder what will happen.

✖ He has been died of small-pox.

✔ He died of small-pox.

Note: happen, issue, belong, comprise, die, appear, despair, cause, allude, occur প্রভৃতি verb এর passive voice হয় না।

✖ I met an old poor man.

✔ I met a poor old man.

✖ I gave him a blue long pencil.

✔ I gave him a long blue pencil.

✖ I will speak to the concerned official.

✔ I will speak to the official concerned.

✖ It was a such cold morning.

✔ It was such a cold morning.

Note: Such এর পরে aricle বসবে, আগে নয়।

✖ They all were there.

✔ They were all there.

✖ They went all there.

✔ They all went there.

Note: এক্ষেত্রে to be verb- এর পরে এবং principal verb এর আগে all বসাতে হবে।

✖ He is not strong in English but in Bangla.

✔ He is strong, not in English but in Bangla.

▣ Miscellaneous errors

✖ Finishng his work, he went out.

✔ Having finished his work, he went out.

✖ I hope you must come.

✔ I hope you will come.

✖ I went my sister with to the college.

✔ I went to the college with my sister.

✖ Who are you talking to?

✔ Whom are you talking to?

✖ Let Manik and I go instead.

✔ Let Manik and me go instead.

✖ One of her family members is dead.

✔ One of her members of her family is dead.

✖ Every body is at their desks.

✔ Every body is at his desk.

✖ When five years old, my grand mother died.

✔ When I was five years old, my grand mother died.

✖ Media plays an important role.

✔ Media play an important role.